Genetic Linkages Between West Africa and Ancient Greece:
HLA genes allele distribution has been studied in Mediterranean and sub-Saharan populations. Their relatedness has been tested by genetic distances, neighbour-joining dendrograms and correspondence analyses.
The population genetic relationships have been compared with the history of the classical populations living in the area. A revision of the historic postulates would have to be undertaken, particularly in the cases when genetics and history are overtly discordant. HLA genomics shows that: 1) Greeks share an important part of their genetic pool with sub-Saharan Africans (Ethiopians and west Africans) also supported by Chr 7 Markers.
The gene flow from Black Africa to Greece may have occurred in Pharaonic times or when Saharan people emigrated after the present hyperarid conditions were established (5000 years B.C.).
2) Turks (Anatolians) do not significantly differ from other Mediterraneans, indicating that while the Asians Turks carried out an invasion with cultural significance (language), it is not genetically detectable.
3) Kurds and Armenians are genetically very close to Turks and other Middle East populations.
4) There is no HLA genetic trace of the so called Aryan invasion, which has only been defined on doubtful linguistic bases.
5) Iberians, including Basques, are related to north-African Berbers.
6) Present-day Algerian and Moroccan urban and country people show an indistinguishable Berber HLA profile.
Authors:
Arnaiz-Villena A, Gomez-Casado E, Martinez-Laso J.
Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
Tissue Antigens. 2002 Aug;60(2):111-21.
PMID: 12392505 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
A more recent study that contradicts the fallacies posted by Jahdey yet again. The study conducted confirms that the earliest Neolithic farmers who settled in Southern Europe migrated from the Near East; these farmers lived for thousands of years in the NE, millenniums after humans started to migrate out of Africa:
Volume 72 Issue 2 Page 205-214, March 2008
The earliest Neolithic sites of Europe are located in Crete and mainland Greece. A debate persists concerning whether these farmers originated in neighboring Anatolia and the role of maritime colonization. To address these issues 171 samples were collected from areas near three known early Neolithic settlements in Greece together with 193 samples from Crete. An analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroups determined that the samples from the Greek Neolithic sites showed strong affinity to Balkan data, while Crete shows affinity with Anatolian.” – R. J. King, S. S. Özcan, T. Carter, E. KalfoÄŸlu, S. Atasoy, C. Triantaphyllidis, A. Kouvatsi, A. A. Lin, C-E. T. Chow, L. A. Zhivotovsky, M. Michalodimitrakis, P. A. Underhill (2008) Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic; *Corresponding author: Peter A. Underhill, Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, Fax: 650 725 1534. phone: 650 723-5805. E-mail: under@stanford.edu
“Haplogroup J2b-M12(Davids notes:Haplogroup J is believed to have arisen 31,700 years ago in the Near East; Haplogroup J2 is associated with the spread of agriculture from the northern Fertile Crescent, the Levant, and Anatolia) was frequent in Thessaly and Macedonia while haplogroup J2a-M410 was scarce. Alternatively, Crete, like Anatolia showed a high frequency of J2a-M410(Davids notes:supports the theory that the Minoans of Crete were Eurasians, btw) and a low frequency of J2b-M12. This dichotomy parallels archaeobotanical evidence, specifically that while bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is known from Neolithic Anatolia, Crete and southern Italy; it is absent from earliest Neolithic Greece. The expansion time of YSTR variation for haplogroup E3b1a2-V13, in the Peloponnese was consistent with an indigenous Mesolithic presence. In turn, two distinctive haplogroups, J2a1h-M319 and J2a1b1-M92, have demographic properties consistent with Bronze Age expansions in Crete, arguably from NW/W Anatolia and Syro-Palestine, while a later mainland (Mycenaean) contribution to Crete is indicated by relative frequencies of V13.” – R. J. King, S. S. Özcan, T. Carter, E. KalfoÄŸlu, S. Atasoy, C. Triantaphyllidis, A. Kouvatsi, A. A. Lin, C-E. T. Chow, L. A. Zhivotovsky, M. Michalodimitrakis, P. A. Underhill (2008) Differential Y-chromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic; *Corresponding author: Peter A. Underhill, Department of Genetics, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5120, Fax: 650 725 1534. phone: 650 723-5805. E-mail: under@stanford.edu
Dave’s totally flips:
….the Mosquitos … brought sickle-cell disorder to Southern Europe … not of tropical African origins…
February 20th, 2008 at 6:04 pm Dave eats his own vomit:
“If you actually read Segearnt article and not any old misinformation found on dubious online sites you would have known that he provides sources for Sicily, NORTHERN Greece…….
Jahdey doesn’t even provide the correct sentence …but I will:
“The Benin haplotype (HBS Haplotype 19) accounts for HbS associated chromosomes in Sicily,4 Northern Greece,10 Southern Turkey,11 and South West Saudi Arabia,6,7 suggesting that these genes had their origin in West Africa..â€
Sicily,#4 = source Ragusa A, Lombardo M, Sortino G, et al. ßs gene in Sicily is in linkage disequilibrium with the Benin haplotype: Am J Hematol 1988;27:139-41. – implications for gene flow in recent times through North Africa.”
JAHDEY SPEAKS: Whatever David. Whatever…LOL…itz the mosquitoes, they are bugging your head crazy….
Typical useless dribble of Mr. Misinformation Jahdey to misquote what the medical journals state. As usual since he didn’t bother to read all of the study from top to bottom he can’t understand the simple fact that what those studies say is that HbS haplotype found in less then 10 percent of some European populations does not mean that ten percent have sub-Saharan ancestry; what that means is it may simply be that many of those lacking the trait in the past died without progeny due to malaria since none of those European subjects who test for the trait do not carry any of the haplotypes that are typical markers for tropical Africans. HIV is also supposed to have its origins in Africa, your going to sit there and tell us all humans around the world who have the virus are of sub-Saharan ancestry? Pathetic. And don’t you dare say HIV isn’t a genetic virus given just like sickle-cell it can be passed down from parent to child.
DNA sheds light on Minoans
Crete’s fabled Minoan civilization was built by people from Anatolia, according to a new study by Greek and foreign scientists that disputes an earlier theory that said the Minoans’ forefathers had come from Africa.
The new study – a collaboration by experts in Greece, the USA, Canada, Russia and Turkey – drew its conclusions from the DNA analysis of 193 men from Crete and another 171 from former neolithic colonies in central and northern Greece.
The results show that the country’s neolithic population came to Greece by sea from Anatolia – modern-day Iran, Iraq and Syria – and not from Africa as maintained by US scholar Martin Bernal.
The DNA analysis indicates that the arrival of neolithic man in Greece from Anatolia coincided with the social and cultural upsurge that led to the birth of the Minoan civilization, Constantinos Triantafyllidis of Thessaloniki’s Aristotle University told Kathimerini.
“Until now we only had the archaeological evidence – now we have genetic data too and we can date the DNA,†he said.
Ophesus squeaks: The results show that the country’s neolithic population came to Greece by sea from Anatolia – modern-day Iran, Iraq and Syria – and not from Africa as maintained by US scholar Martin Bernal….etc etc…
Jahdey Speaks:
Ophesus, you are such a boor. Ancient Africa extended all the way to ancient Anatolia. Which is why the Arabs declare that the first man to build a civilization on the Mesopotamia was Nimrod the Cushite…the African!
Syria, Turkey and Iraq have a very high percentage of African genes such as Y-Haplogroup E3A, E3B; HLA antigen; and autosomnal sickle cell haplotype 19 from Nigeria Africa. This is in addition to the profusion of African mtDNA genetic material, such as M1 etc. There is so much Afro blood in Anatolia and the Near East that right now, genetists agree that the ancient residents of these places were African Diaspora.
You need to keep your research holistic. Not running around with piece meal bits of ignorance.
Jahdey
BTW Please post a link for your cut and paste next time.
Incorrect as usual is Jahdey.
*Published Y-chromosome data showed almost all compound haplotypes found in Europe were found in smaller Near Eastern samples
*Similar result with mtDNA haplogrp J (Paleolithic but introduced to Europe during Neolithic)
*Therefore, these groups differentiated in the Near East then migrated into Europe.
*NEOLITHIC FARMERS!! Not black Africans.
Pink Dave
No African is physically black. Black is a cultural designation not skin colour. Africans are dark brown in colour. You and your people are pink in colour. Take note of that and correct your psuedo racist presumptions.
Besides, you are babbling as usual. Your point is not clear. If by your quotation you mean to make a citation then cite the Journal or book or web-site. We will take you to the cleaners as usual..be my guest.
Jahdey