The Appearance of the Original Berbers According to European Perceptions
All the early major Berber tribes including the Masmuda, Sanhaja, Ketama Zenata and Nafusa are described as dark reddish brown like the “Indi’ or as “blacks” or Ethiopians in early documents. The notion of the early Berbers as being “whites” or Caucasoid is a new and racist one related to the concept of the African “Hamite”. Certainly the original Berber-speakers were never referred to as anything but “black” or something near it until the 12th century and were otherwise considered the color of Abyssinians and other so called “Indi”.
Even the Kabyles a notoriously fair-skinned “Berber” people of North Africa are up until the 19th century described as “brown” “apart from a few clans”. (See quotes below). The knowledge that Europeans were changing the complexion literally and figuratively of North Africa up until the 19th century has disappeared from modern European histories. Most know about the large part played by sub-saharan black slaves in the making of modern North Africa and Arabia while the white slave trade which was in fact dominant trade in North Africa until the fall of Constantinople (Istanbul in Turkey) in the 15th century had been largely ignored in historical writings of the 20th. Yet it was only a few centuries ago that Europeans visiting North Africa commenting on the fact that, “on almost every street of the cities of Barbary, Europeans could be seen harnessed to carts like draught horses or selling water from jars loaded on the backs of donkeys”.
1809 Commentary on those called “Moors” by an early 19th century observer: “They carry the Christian captives about the desert to the different markets to sell them for they soon discover that their habits of life render them unserviceable , or very inferior to the black slaves of Timbuktoo. “ from An Account of the Empire of Marocco, by J. G. Jackson published 1809 and 1814.
2003 – “From 1500 to 1650 when trans-Atlantic slaving was still in its infancy more Europeans were taken to Barbary than black African slaves to the Americas. See, Robert Davis Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500-1800, MacMillan Publishers, published 2003.
The impact of the white slave trade and its contribution to the modern biology and appearance of the modern North African stems from before the Arabian and Muslim waves into Africa. The Roman ruler Claudian spoke concerning Gildo, the “Moorish” ruler of Africa and treatment of Roman women from the Levant by this North African chief and his countrymen:
4th century – Claudian wrote, “ when tired of each noblest matron Gildo hands her over to the Moors. These Sidonian mothers, married in Carthage city must needs mate with barbarians. He thrusts upon me an Ethiopian as a son-in law, a Berber as a husband. The hideous hybrid affrights its cradle.” Claudian, by Claudius Claudianus, translation by Maurice Platnauer, Published by G.P. Putnam’s sons, 1922 p. 113. (Gildo was brother to other Berber chiefs Firmus and Maseczel. Gildo is related to Aguellid or Galdi which remains the modern Tuarek word for chief. Masek, Amazigh ot Imoshagh was the name for the ancient and modern Tuareg clans in general. The Mezikes tribes were called “Ethiopians” in a Roman text of the time. )
1stt c. A.D. – “Diodorus Siculus speaks in reference to the expedition of Agathocles a Sardinian general, of three Libyan tribes on the coast of Tunisia, the Micatani and Zufoni (see Zafan ),who were nomads and the Asfodelodi, who by the color of their skin resembled the Ethiopians” , p. 50 The Mediterranean Race Book XX, 38, 57 Guiseppe Sergi, 1901. The Micatani were also called Ukutameni and Khethim by Josephus. In later writings they are called Ketama Berbers. The name Maketa or Imakitan remains a name for the eastern branches of the Tuareg.
1st century A.D.– Marcus Valerian Martial was one of the earliest Europeans to use the phrase “woolly hair like a Moor” in one of his Satires, and the phrase was commonly used up until the Middle Ages. See Nature Knows No Color Line by J.A. Rogers, 1952. p. 50 The Muslim era didn’t begin until the birth of Muhammed, the Prophet, over four centuries after Martial. By the 7th century the word came to be used for Arabians who in the early era of Islam for the most part were also described as of near “black” complexion.
1st century Silius Italicus also describes the Moors with the term ‘Nigra’ meaning black. In the 3rd century Roman dramatist Platus or Plautus maintained the name Maure was a synonym for “Niger” which was a common term for the word black. 6th century Isidore Archbishop of Seville claimed the word Maure meant black according to Brunson and Runoko Rashidi in “The Moors in Antiquity” in Golden Age of the Moor, 1991.
6th A.D.- Corippus uses the phrase “facies nigroque colorus” meaning faces or appearance of black color to describe the North African Berbers. In his book Johannis, I/ 245.
6th A.D. – Procopius in his History of the Wars book IV contrasting the Germanic Vandals who had settled in North Africa with the Maures claimed the Vandals were not “black skinned like the Maurusioi” . The tribes he classified as Maurusioi are those now classified as ancient Berbers, the Numidians, Masaesyle, Gaitules, Massyles and Mezikes several other “Berber” tribes then settled between Tunisia and Morocco.
After the 8th century the term Moor came to be used for the many Arabian clans who had invaded the Mediterranean and Africa because of their complexions which were the same dark brown or near black to absolutely black color of the Berbers.
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1914 – Archeologists observance of the ancient North Africans portrayed in ancient Egyptian tomb paintings, “The brun Libyan type is the only one portrayed in the Old Empire, the xanthrochroids predominate in the New Empire representations.” P. 40 from The Eastern Libyan Oric Bates The intrusive xanthrochroids…do not appear before the XII dynasty… It safe to say that they were immigrants.” from The Eastern Libyans by Oric Bates Frank Cass publishers 1914. pp. 40 and 41. (These paintings of the ancient Libyans as a brown in color are in the works of Nina Davies.)
1939 – “The extreme long-heads, concentrated in the Hoggar and in parts of the Algerian plateau are the Tuareg and the purer families of ancestral nomadic Berbers, preserving the head form which they brought from East Africa, their Hamitic homeland.” Carleton Coon The Races of Europe, p. 257 1979 reprint.
Five major tribes of Berbers were spoken of by early Muslim writers including the Sanhaja, Masumuda Zenata, Ketama and Goddula which were categorized into dozens of others which in turn were divided into many more. Among them were the early Kabyles originally a group of Sanhaja Berbers. Most descriptions refer to the modern Kabyles as fair-skinned, but in the 19th century and early 20th, descriptions and in fact many photographs depict them as dark and near black. (Photos from the 19th century show both very dark-skinned and near white skinned Kabyle individuals from different villages in the region).
1890 – “The Kabyles or Kabaily of Algerian and Tunisian territories…besides tillage, work the mines contained in their mountains…They live in huts made of branches of trees and covered with clay which resemble the Magalia of the old Numidians…They are of middle stature, their complexion brown and sometimes nearly black.” Written in The Encyclopedia Britannica: Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and General Literature Henry G. Allen Company p. 261 Volume I 1890.
1834 The Scotsman Thomas Campbell says, “The Kabyles…dress like the Arabs and a part from a few tribes, are brown complexioned and black haired” p. 109 Barbary and Enlightenment: European Attitudes Toward the Maghreb in the 18th Century, Ann Thomson. Published 1987 by E. J. Bull
A description by Gillebert d’Hercourt in Etudes Anthropologiques sur Soixante-Seize indigenes de lAlgerie in 1865 said the Kabyle crania that were studied were generally dolichocephalic. In fact the physical anthropological studies done on ancient and modern North Africans show that early North Africans were dolichocephalic like the Tuareg and other dark-skinned berber tribes.
Not surprisingly most modern Berber-speakers who are fair skinned including modern Kabyles are predominantly mesocephalic (middle headed) or even brachycephalic. It is interesting that the dress of these modern Kabyle women resembles that modern women of the Balkans and that palm and blood group types are also like those of European Mediterranean Greeks. Many of these Kabyles also have a strong Turkish influence as judged from the recognizable Turkish Eurasian or even East Asian facial features. Obviously some groups other than a Berber one makes up the main genetic strain in many modern Kabyle-speakers. Culturally the modern fair-skinned Kabyles have been documented as among the most patrifocal people in North Africa whereas the ancient and modern Berbers like the Tuareg were notably matrilineal and matrifocal to the chagrin of early Muslim documenters who considered this among their ‘wicked” customs.
1901 – The Oases if Nafzawa and Wed Suef and Wed Regh and other Berbers of the Sus as “of very dark complexion” in Guiseppi Sergi The Mediterranean Race: The Study of the origin of European peoples The Walter Scott Publishing Company
On the Libyo Berbers called – Gaetules or Jeddala
The Gaitules were the most populous of the Libyan tribes of Strabo’s time (1st century AD). Josephus claimed they were descended from Havilah or the Avalioi who he says children of Kush child of Ham.
1st -2nd century – Juvenal, the Roman writer in his Satire V. 53 referred to “a Gaetulian, as a black a Moor “so black you’d rather not see him at midnight”.. Found in Madan’s translation of Juvenal, vol. I by J. Vincent published at Oxford.
Among the Gaetules were a tribe Dari or Darae Gaetuli, there was also a stream called Daradae Ethiopus (DARAE were a Gaetulian tribe in the W. of Africa, on a mountain stream called Dara, on the S. steppes of M. Atlas, adjacent to the Pharusii. (Plin. V. 1: Oros. i. 2: Leo Afr. P. 602.)
The Draa (Arabic: ???) (also spelled Dra or Draâ, in older sources mostly Darha or Dara) is Morocco’s longest river (1100 km). “The inhabitants of the Draa are called Draawa (an exonym), the most famous Draawi undoubtedly being mawlay Mohammed ash-Sheikh. Outside of the Draa region this name is mostly used to refer to the dark skinned people of Draa which make up the largest portion of its inhabitants.” Retrieved May 13th 2008 from
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Draa-river
Descriptions of the Masmuda, Sanhaja, Ketama, Zenata Berbers of coastal North Africa and the Upper Atlas
Most Arab-speaking historians beginning as far back as the 8th century when Wah ibn Munabihh a South Arabian and descendant of an Iranian mercenary claimed the Berbers belonged to black races of Ham. Several Muslim writers claimed the Berbers were the sons of Berr who were said to descend from Mazigh ibn (son of ) Canaan Ibn Ham Ibn Nuh (Noah). The tradition found cited in Nafousa: Berber Community in Western Libya, Omar Sahli citing Dabbuz. Retrieved on-line from http://www.tawalt.com/monthly/fessato_1.pdf , July. 12, 2008.
The Zenata are called a Canaanite race by other Muslim writers see ‘The Berbers” Geo. Babington Michell, Journal of the Royal African Society, Vol. 2, No. 6 (Jan., 1903), pp. 161-194. The traditions state that in fact Berbers were descendants of Amalekites (Amalek) from Canaan and Himyarite from Yemen both descendants of “Adites” that had invaded Egypt before 1200 B.C. and “advanced toward the Maghreb”.
The Berbers as represented by the Tuareg especially appear to have called themselves Mashek or Mazigh who are associated with bringing the camel into Africa. Mashek is still the name of a tribe of the Mahra of Oman and Hadramaut who also claim an origin in the Yemen.
( In early Arabian tradition the lowland of Canaan or the Kenaniyya tribe was in an area of the western region of Arabia north of Yemen and not farther to the north in modern Palestine or Israel. See the Bible Came from Arabia. Kamal Salibi )
11th century – “The Berber women are from the island of Barbara, which is between the west and the south. Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find one whose mother is of Kutama, whose father is of Sanhaja, and whose origin is Masmuda, then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters, active in service, suited both to motherhood and to pleasure, for they are the most solicitous in caring for their children. “ 11th century the Christian Iraqi physician Ibn Butlan quoted by historian Bernard Lewis.
11th century – Nasr i Khusrau, an Iranian ruler described the Masmuda soldiers of the Fatimid dynasty as “black Africans”. See Yaacov Lev, “Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt, 358-487/968-1094”, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 19.3 (1987) p. 342.
13th century – Primary Cronica General of Alphonso X of Spain describes the 300 Almoravid “Amazon” women whose leader is described as black and Moorish. They were “led by their leader Nugaymath al-Tarqiyya (the “star of the Tuareg archers” in Arabic) who led the Almoravid siege of Valencia”; cited in Nubian Queens in the Nile Valley by Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, Ninth International Conference of Nubian Studies, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. See also The Berbers in Arab Literature by H.T. Norris 1982.p. 20. Harvey , L.P. “Nugaymath Turquia, Primera Cronica General, Chapter 956” Journal of Semitic Studies 13, no. 2:232. Targiyyat or Targiya is a variant form or pronunciation in North Africa for the name Tuareg. 13th or 14th century Abu Shama, a Syrian, described the Masmuda Berbers as “blacks” in his, Kitab al-Ravdatayn. Found in Golden Age of the Moor, 1991 edition p. 57, edited by Dr. Ivan Van Sertima.
14th – The Almoravid or Al Murabitun dynasty coming from the Atlas was one of the last dynasties coming from Africa to rule in the Iberian peninsula. One of the 11th century rulers of Andalusia and North Africa was Yusuf Tachfin who had come from a long line of miltary rulers. According to “Roudh el-Kartas” (History of the Rulers of Morocco) by Abd Allah, and A.Beaumier’s French translation of the 14th century work, Yusuf was of “brown color”, of “middle height” with , “ thin, little beard, soft voice” and “woolly hair”. The Almoravid dynasty was supposedly composed mainly of Sanhaja clans of Massufa, Joddala (Gaetuli) and Lamtuna (or Auelimidden Tuareg)- the Auelamidden have since moved southward and live in Niger.
I should have said circa 1100-1500 B.C when a dam at Marib (Meriba of Exodus 17 broke).
Hi Dana
Sorry I didn’t see your message about French and white slavery in Algeria. I’ll find the source and post it here.
Regards
As for slaves coming from Europe. Ive’ learned within the past few years that Over the last 15 years their have been a number of scholarly books on the subject . A number of reviews have been done on these books stating the figures. Some examples are below –
White Slaves, African Masters
An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives
Edited and with an introduction by Paul Baepler
The University of Chicago Press 1999
This book illuminates a subject once well-known in the history of the West but which is now somewhat neglected: the enslavement, over several centuries, of tens of thousands of white Christian Europeans and (later) Americans in Muslim North Africa — or the so-called “Barbary” states of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Tripoli. Over the course of 10 centuries, tens of thousands of these unfortunates became the possessions of Muslims in North Africa courtesy of the feared Barbary pirates. These pirates cruised the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in search of European and, later, American ships to pillage and plunder.
As Baepler notes in his introduction, Christian slaves of European ancestry were hardly an uncommon phenomenon in the Barbary States. The Barbary pirates were excellent seafarers and, from the Coasts of North Africa, sailed as far north as Iceland (where they went ashore and captured 800 slaves during one incident) and as far West as Newfoundland, Canada, where they pillaged more than 40 vessels at one time. By 1620, reports Baepler, there were more than 20,000 white Christian slaves in Algiers alone, and by the 1630s that number tolled more than 30,000 men and 2,000 women. The most famous of all white Christian Europeans to serve as a slave in the Barbary States was probably Miguel de Cervantes, the great Spanish author of the “Don Quixote” epic, who was taken as a slave in the late 1500s. ”
In a 1902 book entitled, The Moors: A Comprehensive Description
“Another way in which the Europeans have been frequently outwitted is by the importation of Circassian and other slaves and eunuchs from Turkey via braltar or Algiers in foreign vessels, usually entered as members of the family of their master… This is often the case with white concubines, who are in great demand, even if natives. Consequently white girls are frequently kidnapped, and in time of war openly sold…”
We know that unlike the black women slaves in North Africa, the European or white slave women were brought to Africa especially for among other things, propogation purposes – especially Circassians.
Hi that is very interesting maybe the moors when they occupied Spain had white slaves from other countries apart from Iberia that might account for the so called white berbers I wonder how many moors actually have European ancestry I will try to learn more about white slaves they did exist
I think there is many studies and books about berbers,and each one is contradicting the other,especialy when talking about the kabyles.all that because of the colonial ideology (the arabs ,and the europeans),to say that the early kabyles were brown skin or dark skin ,then the modern kabyles are fair skin is stupide.the kabyles are whites folks with a very mixt origins,since the neolhitic . I can speak as a Kabyle myself, for me and my entire family (all being berber-kabyles for generations),I myself am very light skinned, and blond, many of my family .cousins,friends are as well, and blue eyed, which are almost non-existant traits among ‘arabs’. Berbers of north africa are the original inhabitants of the land. Arabs came later during the arab conquest, they spread Islam and began mixing with the native population, but many of the people in the mountains and remote areas were not as affected by the mixing. There have been many foreign invasions in North Africa including the romans, ottomans, spanish, arabs, french,but kabyls were never been dark skin,they are very different from the sub and the saharian berbers!I don’t think saint agustune of hypo was black or the berber-empror of rome were black also!STOP MANIPULATING HISTORY
Although the majority of Moroccans ARE racist against balck people (I’ve been I experienced this first hand – very racist!) they themselves do not realise their ancestry – this is crazy, I’ve spoken to a dark brown moroccan and asked him his race (a man in his 30’s) his reply was ‘white’. They see themeslves as white or arabian nothing more. There are very black moor-occans! The shades vary, so why are they so racist of BLACK people? If they are arab, why are they in AFRICA??!!!
Yes the word part is even the brown Moroccans don’t want anything to do with black Africa, something like many northern Egyptians. They are racist because of the influence of the late Ottoman Empire – from the 1700s forward – a time in which most of the slaves brought into Morocco and North Africa were from so- called black Africa (unlike the previous 1,000 years). Of course European colonialism across Northern Africa and Arabia added to this.
Meant to say “the worse part”
Moroccans are berber,arab,blacks this is because berbers lived there arabs came from their land to bring islam to them and blacks are part of the berbers.
in fact there are still dark -skinned kabyles. Furthermore, the area that has been considered Kabylia has also seen change in the last 200 years. Kabylia and the Aures were connected peoples the area AS ARCHEOLOGY SHOWS has been settled by blond Vandals, iron age Greeks, Berbers and Romans. And also many European slaves have come to the region as Berber came down from the mountains to acquire concubines. There is nothing contradictory about colonial observations. They basically said the majority of the Berber clans of Kabylia were dark or near black and that some were not. They also said these people dressed differently and had different or distinct cultures.
You are right Kabylians today are a result of mixture of peoples of diverse origin since the iron age. The Berbers who occupied Kabylia were called Kitama and were the “Moors” spoken of by Procopius who had “black skins” unlike the Vandals. Their descendants – the Imakitan are still near black in color.
Thus, iIf you are trying to to say early Berbers were blond and blue eyed or that even most whites in kabylia were blond and blue-eyed you need to start studying the Vandal, Greek and Roman heritage of Kabylia. maybe that will resolve some heritage issues for you. Stop leaving that out which is part of your “MANIPULATING HISTORY” and we won’t be having this discussion!.
You are correct in that anybody who today speaks Berber is called “a Berber” or Moors. That doesn’t mean they have anything to do with the people anciently called Berbers by Greeks, Romans and Byzantines.
Berbers are not a homogeoneous people or culture.
“There is little doubt that the whole of North Africa spoke Berber languages at one time while in the Middle Ages they occupied much of Spain and Sicily as well. But just as the dialects are mutually incomprehensible so the people themselves are extremely heterogeneous: the existence of an ethnically defined unified people is no more demonstrable for the past than it is today. Indeed, there are a bewildering number of cultures, economies and physical characteristics. ”
The Berbers, by Brett and Fentress
Algeria: A Country Study, which reads: “The Berbers are a composite people, presenting a broad range of physical types and the bond among various Berber groups is almost entirely a linguistic one.”
There are plenty of pictures of dark skinned Kabyle. Not all are dark skinned but some. All Berber men carry haplogroup E in frequencies as high as 80%. Haplogroup E is from East Africa. So get over it there are black Berbers in northern Mali, Niger, southern Morocco, Algeria etc. if you are really from Africa how come you don’t know that???
We are all a mixture of different groups. Even if you go as north as possible in Europe, the scandinavians have asiatic features, and it has been genetically proven that nordic people are part asian, although people like to say they are the purest of the whites. every god damn population in the world had admixtures from other groups that were racially different than they were. Skin color and eye color is a mere human adaptation to the climate they live in. I mean look at them blond blue eyed asians up in North Europe.
All of these afrocentrists are also significantly of european ancestry. afrocentrism tends to be a product of the western world (USA) but dna studies have shown most african americans to be like a quarter or more european in ancestry.
You mean, YOU NEED TO STOP TRYING TO WHITE WASH HISTORY. YOU’RE PEOPLE ARE NOT AFRICAN OR FROM AFRICAN REGIONS. INDIGENOUS BLACK PEOPLE ARE THE GREATER MAJORITY OF THE EARTH POPULATION.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vH2UfdSkHV0
Someone proud of their Germanic heritage put the above videos up about the Vandals i.e. modern inhabitants of Kabyles.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Procopius of Caesarea:
Gaiseric & The Vandal Conquest of North Africa, 406 – 477 CE
“Now the Vandals, dwelling about the Maeotic Lake [the Sea of Azov], since they were pressed by hunger, moved to the country of the Germans, who are now called Franks, and the river Rhine, associating with themselves the Alans, a Gothic people … Thus the Libyans were visited with every form of misfortune.
The Vandals and the Alans he arranged in companies, appointing over them no less than eighty captains, whom he called “chiliarchs” [i.e., “leaders of a thousand”], making it appear that his host of fighting men in active service amounted to eighty thousand. And yet the number of the Vandals and Alans was said in former times, at least, to amount to no more than fifty thousand men. However, after that time by their natural increase among themselves and by associating other barbarians with them they came to be an EXCEEDINGLY NUMEROUS PEOPLE. But the names of the Alans and all the other barbarians, except the Mauretanii, were united in the name of Vandals.”
The ancient Berbers are white (skin color) and Caucasian for you to believe.
The ancient Berbers are
-numadiens
-cartages
-Libyans
-moritaniers
-on en on
ancestors of black people in Marocco or Algeria were used as slave. The Berbers used black slaves and their trad slave to Arabs. Blacks ho slaved blacks? Don’t try to still history.
Lmbao!! It’s actually “have” and “steal” you melanin deficient albinoid.
So, I suppose Visigothic chronicler John of Biclaro has no clue what he was talking about while in north alkebulan? He clearly stated that, “the inhabitants were full of blackness.”
Also “moor” and “berber” meant the same thing. In the Chronicle of Najera (twelfth-century Leon) Abd al-Rahman I, the Umayyad amir of mid-eighth century al-Andalus, is called “King of the Mauri,” and Abd al-Rahman III, the tenth-century Umayyad Caliph, is called “the Maurus.” (Chapter 559 General Chronicle of Spain).
Where did you get your false information from? This can be found on http://www.realhistoryww.com
The books are referenced, so your diseased skin having arse can verify. These are people who were there.
Were you there to see them? No, your ignorant ass is just upset that we found out.
“there are three tribes of Ethiopians: Hesperians, Garamantes and Indians” (See IX ii 128.in The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, Stephen A. Barney, 2006, p. 199).
“Diodorus Siculus speaks in reference to the expedition of Agathocles , of three Libyan tribes on the coast of Tunisia, the Micatani and Zufoni who were nomads and the Asfodelodi, who by the color of their skin resembled the Ethiopians” p. 50 The Mediterranean Race Book XX, 38, 57 Guiseppe Sergi
“Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or ‘Moor’ had become an adjective in Latin, ‘for the Greeks call black, mauron’. In Isidore’s day, Moors were black by definition…” (Staying Roman: Conquest and identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439-700. Jonathan Conant, 2012 Cambridge University Press.)
““An anonymous poem included in the Latin Anthology discusses a Moorish slave in strikingly similar terms: The dregs of the Garamantes have now advanced to our region and the house slave Niger …rejoices in his pitch-black body. If the voice discharged from his lips did not make him sound human, the gristly demon would terrify living men….”p. 271 Staying Roman: Conquest and identity in Africa and the Mediterranean, 439-700. Johathan Conant, 2012 Cambridge University press.
“Troops of black Numidians scour the Field, And bold Illyrians? narrow Bucklers wield; Here twang the Syrian, and the Cretan Bow, And the fierce Gauls provoke their well-known foe..From Book VII of Lucan’s Pharsalia translated into English.by N. Rowe James 1772.
Silius Italicus wrote “on his hot steed unused to curb or reign, a black Numidian prances o’er the plain” quoted by from Records of Roman History from Cnæus Pompeius to Tiberius Constantinus Volume 1 p. 357, 1860.
“there are three tribes of Ethiopians: Hesperians, Garamantes and Indians” (See IX ii 128.in The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville, Stephen A. Barney, 2006, p. 199).
“The Berber women are from the island of Barbara (sic), which is between the west and the south. Their color is mostly black though some pale ones can be found among them. If you can find one whose mother is of KUTAMA, whose father is of SANHAJA, and whose origin is MASMUDA, then you will find her naturally inclined to obedience and loyalty in all matters…” Ibn Butlan 11th century
Thanks for posting these quotes from my site, Sancho.
I will add a few more
– It is in Tunisia that Corippus poetically speaks of how during an officers meeting the Berber leader “Antalus the Moor is Hades surrounded by ‘black faces’ ( nigrae facies) ‘a war council of a thousand monsters’ lining the ‘path out of Hell'”. (see Starks, John, “Was Black Beautiful in Vandal Africa” in African Athena p. 256 published 2011)
“…the Fatimid army was largely an infantry force composed of blacks. (Nasir Khusrau included the Masimida among the blacks)”. See Yaacov Lev, State and Society in Fatimid Egypt. pp. 93-94 published 1991.
“Masamida were Berbers from the Western Maghreb. Nasir-i Khusrau, however, says that they were blacks and characterized them as infantry who used lances and swords.” From Yaacov Lev’s – Army, Regime and Society in Fatimid Egypt.
Nasir Khusrau was a Persian lived in the 11th century.
Abu Shama – a Syrian living in the 13th century also called the Masmuda “blacks”. See Bernard
Ibn Nadim in the 10th century claimed the same about the Berbers, Nabataeans and Zanj. He wrote
The Masmuda or Masamida today are mostly fair skinned Berbers – the Ghomara still being among the largest clan of the Masmuda as they were in the ancient times when they were still BLACK.
Ibn Nadim in the 10th century claimed the same about the Berbers, but also about the northern Arabian Nabataeans and the East African Zanj.
From his book The Fihrist we learn ” The Nabataeans were people ‘with black complexion’.” See Inscriptional Evidence of Pre-Islamic Classical Arabic by Saad Abdulhaab, p. 10 We also learn that those who adopted the Nabataean’s lifestyle AND ARAMAEAN LANGUAGE came to be called Nabti. That is why there are people today thinking the Nabataeans were something other than black. were also the Chaldaei or Khalid of the ancient world.
The Imama Reza “the 8th holy Shi’ite Imam” speaks of the “black Nabati” who came to support the Abbasids. He said in the 9th century “the black Nabati have undertaken their ministries”. These people are still represented as Phillip Hitti rightly claimed by the Haweit’at or Huwayt’at bedouin a still mainly near black complexioned group in the Sinai and Jordan area.
They are the reason in the Akhbar al-Zaman it says ” Among the children of Canaan are the Nabit, Nabit signifies black…” (See the Curse of Ham, 2003, by David Goldenberg, p. 352 fn. 23) They are best known as the Ishmaelites or sons of Ishmael also called Kedar or Qudar. A name which also came to mean the black.
THus in the European Jewish commentaries it speaks of the ” the Kushim in the tents of Kedar…” And the word “Kushi” came to mean the blacks among Syrians as well and still does in Israel.
The Nabataeans or Nabataei are a historically well-documented people whom al-Jahiz in the 9th century had said were sailors on the Euphrates had big butts and were “ape-like” in appearance!
In the inscriptions of the Nabonidus of Assyria these Nabataeans are called Amurru. (Arabia Before Muhammed, p. 53 by D. O’Leary , 1927) They were the occupants of Teima and Duma to which is related the names Tema and Dumah, children of Ismail (Ishmael).
It is why European’s spoke of these early true Arabians as “the whole black Ishmaelite people accursed and senseless religion…” (See Christians, Blasphemers and Witches by Joan C. Bristol, 2007, p . 28 )
Wrote Phillip Hitti in History of Syria “the Nabataeans are represented by the lowly Huwaytat Bedouins, who still rove where their ancestors once flourished and pitch their tents outside of their ‘rose-red city half as old as time’” 2004
But the Ishmaelites and Israelites were siblings : )
The “sister tribe of the Nabataeans” are called the Salamians or Salmonaeans. In the Middle Ages they were known when they had turned to Islam as Banu Sulaym “black as lava”. They are called a “sister tribe” BY SCHOLARS because they are mentioned in several ancient inscriptions from 1st c. BC to 4th century) together with the Nabati (Kedarites) extending from the Harrah region of the Hauran in southern Syria and into Mesopotamia in the west. Both of these groups are the “black Syrians” mentioned by Strabo. And they are the Solymi mentioned by Homer and Tacitus in the Dead Sea region who were said to have founded Uru solyma, i.e. Jerusalem.
The Torah and European Jewish commentaries say the Salamian peoples were also designated the” Kenites” from the House of Hobab, Rechabites and Hammath. Biblical scholars also have said or surmised that these Solymi or Salmonaeans Kenites of Jordan, Hijaz, Najd and Syria were the same people as the Salma or Salmon of the Torah 1 Chronicles 2:11, 51, 54 – people who wrote the Akafa ka ama-Salma or “Psalms”. Thus Moshe Gil points out that “the Targum calls the Kenites, sons of Jethro, Salamians: the sons of Salma’a”. see Jews in Islamic Countries in the Middle Ages, 2004, p. 16.
Hence the people who came from Caleb father of Salma and became known as Judaeans. See King Solomon’s Miners parts I, II and III on my blog for detailed confirmation. These Salma and Caleb or Kaleb were the black Arabians known as Banu Kalb and Sulaym bin Mansur in medieval writings and their clans of Habib or Hubayb, al-Qayin or Ba’al Kain from the Baliyy branch of Banu Qudha’a from which was derived the name “Kenite” and “Kuth”, Hobab.
” Now Heber the Kenite A descendant of Kain, a principal man among the Midianites; the Targum calls him the Salmaean: [which was] of the children of Hobab…” The Midianites whom Josephus said occupied the Trogodyte area of Africa (ancient Berberia) home of Afren or Afar or Faran. These were the people of Heber (Khaibar in Hijaz) from where came David ha Reubeni of the 15th century. – “a man of dark complexion, like a Negro” according to Talmudist Gedaliah bin Yahyah which even Wikipedia mentions.
This is why the Spanish Jewish explorer Benjamin of Tudela mentions “the tribes of Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh in the desert of Chabor (Kheibar)”. These are Sulaym bin Mansur or Manase’ir and their kin. (The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela, 1907 translation Marcus Adler, p. 49.) Khaibar is in the volcanic Harrah where al-Jahiz 9th c. mentions the Sulaym and all other tribes of the harrah being “black like the lava of the harrah” .
According to the Torah or Bible these people founded Bethlehem -Ephrathah and Jerusalem. Salma is son of Caleb who married Ephratahand from them came the Ma’onians or Me’unites, Boaz, Natuphites, Jabez, Rechabites, Shemechites, Benjamin (Yamin) , Atrothites and the house of David etc., etc.
The other names associated with these modern Huweitat people who claim to have originated further south in Arabia are thus real Salmaeans or children of Judah and other Israelites.
British Colonial adventurer Richard Burton speaks of the remnants of the Soleim or Banu Sulaym mentions the in Jordan the “Huwayti owners, the Sulaymiyyin, the Sulaymat…” in his Land of Midian Volume 2
People can believe what they wish but the Truth is the facts are about to be brought again into the light about who brought the Word out. There will be no escape.
Feel free to prove me though wrong though. : )
Barbers are not white, northern africans, nor moors, nor Egyptians, nor libiyans, nor Moroccans, nor true Jews, nor Israelis. Stop YOUR white washed propaganda, that was established in White Supremacy to supress the history & true identity of Africans.
this is not from research this is from the search of the ality before the re we the muurs do not live in the land of re of illusion of make believe the suisse in morrocco are not white in skin color only the amazighs from europe germany an this suisse muurs family works high in govt this is stanely lane poole who told what negro an muurs being inducted into fake red ruddy amazon turk white race,,,,,,,,this is false but his point was that the muurs were not from pale skin people like him but his people came from us the euopen sons o f the muurs who now run america an always have before obama ,,,civilization strted in the wetas did albions red rudy amazon turks now mis called white for fake nobility status mm cant be white an a slave or strawman its fraud ,,,,,,, their is no false red ruddy amazon turk white race in north africa before morrocco replaces mauritania on the new maps of illusion..theirs nothing ancent about this s called red ruddy amazon turk carrion cagot skin color its only 6000 -7000 years old so noting ancient is that young its god we know the suisse who deflect the lies of white sking color with theis not being amazigh german or te lowest class in morrocco living in moutains an their was no morrocco in ancent times in akebulan,, it was where america is now the amexums they were called north n south thats why u dont see morrocco in the east on ancient maps that have atlantis an lemuria which is ancient times ,caucus of the asion caucasion grafted not from three penis phallus saturn eel moloch baal baphomet zionist jesuit patriarchal stolen from matriarchal heaven ,,numidians set up hannible with ccyprio africaanus to take carthage ,,,these were not caucasions ,, but nobles in status which s whaat white mean in law blaccks law dictionary volume 4 free white soveeign doess not mean caucsion race or aryan race , white stolen from whiggamor is only from 1863 in america not so ancient not this enlish from 1832 ,,thats when it became official in america ,,,berber barber barbary coast barbarian barbara babar the king the elephant is the symbol of the muurs an the republican party we started in america usurped by democrats after great compromise by ruther ford by hayes in south carolina which was what birth of a naion bullsht was really about ,the creation of the fake white kkk man at the expense of the muurs we used blu eyed blone haire slaves also cause it hd n color like in rome an caucasions were still slaves still after 1865 going by the convention against white slavery 1910 in spain ,,,,study marc washington on rasta livewire ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,protocols of learned elders of zion meridith quinn time walker ,,you tube treaty law
civilization started in the west as did albions as did spanish language in south amexum ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, that moroccoin east is not ancient morrocco so called white skin berber got a lot of nerve bragging bout ottoman empire invasion skin ,,hizzztory books lie,dana marniche is right an we long ago showed what is being replyed to her as being false with fake skin color ,,we are white in status owners lndlords of the land ,, an know that skin color is illusion an what they use to take all ur rights away b taking land from people an getting them to grant the land over to tthem by callin them white THEY NOT WHITE thats what happened in america to indiginous muurs who now call them self black ,,people who clAim to be a color in pubic have no knowledge oF any of the law,,civil rights are priviledges in law ,,color of law is civilitter morteus,,, let the teacher dana teach