The Black (First) Europeans: African Slavs, African Celts
Compiled and Edited by Ogu Eji Ofo Annu
April 14, 2008
Reconstructing the phylogeny of African
mitochondrial DNA lineages in Slavs
To elucidate the origin of African-specific mtDNA lineages, revealed previously in Slavonic populations (at frequency of about 0.4%), we completely sequenced eight African genomes belonging to haplogroups L1b, L2a, L3b, L3d and M1 gathered from Russians, Czechs, Slovaks and Poles. Results of phylogeographic analysis suggest that at least part of the African mtDNA lineages found in Slavs (such as L1b, L3b1, L3d) appears to be of West African origin, testifying to an opportunity of their occurrence as a result of migrations to Eastern Europe through Iberia. However, a prehistoric introgression of African mtDNA lineages into Eastern Europe (approximately 10 000 years ago) seems to be probable only for Europeanspecific subclade L2a1a, defined by coding region mutations at positions 6722 and 12903 and detected in Czechs and Slovaks. Further studies of the nature of African admixture in gene pools of Europeans require the essential enlargement of databases of African complete mitochondrial genomes. See: Boris A Malyarchuk et. al “Reconstructing the phylogeny of African mitochondrial DNA lineages in Slavs,” European Journal of Human Genetics 9 April 2008;
Genetic Distance
However of all the non-African populations, Europeans are most closely related to Africans. As the genetic distance from Africa to Europe (16.6) is shorter than the genetic distance from Africa to East Asia (20.6) and even much shorter than the Genetic distance from Africa to Australia. Cavalli-Sforza proposes that the simplest explanation for this short genetic distance is that substantial gene exchange has taken place between the nearby continents. Cavalli-Sforza also proposes that both Asian and African populations contributed to the settlement of Europe which began 40 000 years ago. The overall contributions from Asia and Africa were estimated to be around two-thirds and one-third, respectively. Europe has a genetic variation in general of about a third of that of other continents. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Europe
Neolithic Farmers
It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. … The data treated here support the idea that the Neolithic moved out of the Near East into the circum-Mediterranean areas and Europe by a process of demic diffusion but that subsequently the in situ residents of those areas, derived from the Late Pleistocene inhabitants, absorbed both the agricultural life way and the people who had brought it. See: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/103/1/242
Bohemia
“In its former name, Csechkoslovakia, is preserved the racial roots, Slav. Two countries were formed from the breakup of that country: Slovakia, and the Csech Republic; it’s identity now lost in the new appelation.
But, both hide the more ancient and more original name of Csechkoslovakia which was Bohemia. Bohemia the name given the land by the incursive Germanic tribes who found African (by phenotype) Celts calling themselves the Boii. And, from that tribal name the land they lived on was called by the Germans, Bohemia.
In its original, earliest, and longest phase (Africans were there from paleolithic times), it was African. See Marc Washington: @ http://www.beforebc.de/all_europe/02-16-800-00-18.html; http://www.beforebc.de/all_europe/05-09-100-00-01.html
I am an Irish Canadian, I have been to the Motherland five times and I have always felt that Ireland is very closely related to Africa. Do you know the story about Scota, daughter of Pharaoh Nectanebo?
you are right ,may you share the reality with the people,she is an egyption princess who went to southern ireland 3500 4000 years ago.,when they tell they coded story of st patrick kicking out the snakes in ireland the snakes were the moors in reality,in legend they said snakes.
http://indigo.ie~marrya/scota.html …………………..this should help everyone overstand scota,an how she was killed.its good reading .if you dont get it just put it in the search.peace to brother jahdey
I had also read somewhere that her name has something to do with the name of the Goddess Sekhet or Sekhmat.
When early Brits said black Irish it was apparently literal. It did not mean “Spaniard” or “tanned” as some American Irish like to say. The same goes for Scotland’s early blacks. I found this passage in J. A Rogers book, NATURE KNOWS NO COLOR LINE, published 1952.
“MacRitchie adds that ‘the legends and the history of the Scottish highlands are both witnesses to the existence of a purely black people there.’ Boswell and Dr. Johnson saw descendants of these black people when they visited Scotland. In his “Journey to the Hebrides, September 1, 1773, Boswell wrote of one clan, the McCraes, ‘some were as black and wild in their appearance as any American savages, whatsoever.’ Martin who had visited these Western Islands eighty years before Boswell said of the people of Jura, “black of complexion ,’ of Islay, ‘generally black’. and of Arran, ‘generally brown and some of a black complexion. ”
The quote from David MacRitchie came from the book, Ancient and Modern Britons, published in 1926. MacRitchie a British archeologist also said “So late as the tenth century three of these provinces were wholly black and the supreme ruler of them became for a time the paramount king of Transmarine Scotland…….We know as ah historical fact tha nigher El Dubh has lived and reigned over certain black divisions of our islands – and probably white divisions also – and that a race known as the sons the Black succeded him in history….. p. 32. This is on page 70 of Roger’s book.
The name Douglass is supposedly derived from the word Dubh – as in Dublin?!
The quote from Boswell according to the book is from the book, WESTERN ISLANDS OF SCOTLAND, a 1934 reprint of edition from the year 1703, see pp. 236, 272.
There’s no evidence of what Dana had said. As for connecting the Irish via the similar SPELLING of the Gaeilge word “Dubh” and the GERMANIC town of “Dublin”, there is nothing that is proven. In reality, “Dubh” sounds similar to “Deuv”…which sounds nothing like “Dublin”. The “Black-Irish” has nothing to do with skin colour. By using the word “Black”, they instead refer to the hair colour. Though, Spaniards are Caucasian, and not all do possess purely “black” hair. The term “Black-Irish” was used to describe those whose families had mixed with the Spanish Moors, whose entire armada had wrecked off of the coast of Ireland. These Spaniards possessed an evident tan, due to their time spent around the Mediterranean lands of Iberia, which is rather sunny. Anyone in the British isles tend to become more pale due to lack of sunlight (until they go elsewhere), so the dark hair colour of the Spaniards, be it black or merely dark brown, left a mark upon a few Irish families. With the pale skin, one could use the word “black” to compare the extreme colour difference. The whole thing with the blacks ruling over Scotland is very odd…as there are no such thing as Celts who are “black”…seeing as how the “Celtic gene” is simply a mutated Caucasian gene.
Thank you for this brilliant article. It adds a whole new meaning to the term “Irish jig”. Thank you! Thank you ! Thank you!
spanish muurs are not caucasion in origin from akebulan but that happened as she says,,king melisius from spain an queen scota from egypt predate this shipwreck,the prints we have on the seals from brother pantin the spaniard/muur can also look like juan garrido as did the one on this seal ,,no caucasion on that puerto rican seal ,.,king alphonso x was a muur from castile who converted,,wrote alphonsine tables,,first book of astronomy used by albions to try to replace astrology
This article is a mixture of fact and fiction to create some kind of fantasy. Sure there are some African genes in Europe, that not only come from the ancient migration out of Africa but from more recent times, but it is extremely minimal. The author also has no clue what he is talking about when he talks about Czechoslovakia. Czechoslovakia is an English name for a country that in Czech and Slovak is called Ceskoslovensko, and now is the the Czech republic(Ceska Republica) and the Slovakia(Slovensko) the original name for Slav is Sloven which as you can see is still in the name SLOVENsko. That didn’t change. also Bohemia only deals with northwestern Czech republic and has also nothing to do with Slovakia. The Celts (Boii) were not African at all, and the ancient romans described them as fierce red headed people, just like modern celts today. All Humans are African because we originally come from Africa, we don’t need to spread lies and scew history just to create a fake one for ourselves. Africa has a beautiful history in itselvs, learn the true one.