1) According to Cheik Anta Diop, “no Arab army ever crossed the Sahara in an attempt to conquer Africa, except for the Moroccan war of the sixteenth century. During the period of our study, from the third to the seventeenth centuries, not one conquest was ever launched by way of the Nile: That of the Sudan (modern country), accompanied with the help of England, came only in the nineteenth century. Nor was there ever an Arab conquest of? Mozambique or any other East African country.”
See Cheik Anta Diop, Pre-colonial Black Africa, page 101
2) “The Arab conquests (in black Africa) dear to sociologists are necessary to their theories but did not exist in reality. To this day no reliable historical documents substantiate such theories.”
See Cheik Anta Diop, Pre-colonial Black Africa, page 102
3) “However, in 1544, Sultan Muhammad al-Mahdi, the founder of Sa’did power in Morocco, demanded the ruler of Songhay, askia Ishaq I, to give him the mines. Askia Ishaq naturally refused to do it, and a war broke out. The Moroccans sent an army to occupy Taghaza, but the army was destroyed in the desert. As response to this, a Songhay army consisting of Tuaregs, attacked northwards and sacked the southern parts of Morocco, forcing Sultan Muhammad to flee from Marrakesh. Similarly, the rulers of Bornu, lying around Lake Chad, were able to expand their political dominance deep into Fezzan, occupying the oases until the 16th century.”
See: Pekka Masonen: “Trans-Saharan Trade and the West African Discovery of the Mediterranean World” http://www.smi.uib.no/paj/Masonen.html
You People are forgetting The Muslim Empire of Mongolia of The Eastern part of The Empire of Rome! Genghis Khan ignited a civil war with The Western part of The Roman of Empire! In the Civil-war The Mongolian Invaded all of the Middle East ,from there, using Ships on the Mediterranean Sea; invaded North Africa ; From Egypt to Western Sahara! While in (711AD) Spain, Genghis Khan , Great-grandson Ogedei Khan signed a treaty with The Empire of the Black Moors of Spain! an Alliances, that will prove Detrimental for the Colored Negroid Native Indigenous aboriginals living in Canada, North America, Central America, South America ;Continents and Islands Continent’s. from POW’s-to Enslavement!